How Does Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Technology Works

Liquid crystal was discovered by the Austrian botanist named Fredreich Rheinizer in 1888. Liquid crystal is an unusual organic material and it is neither solid nor liquid. That means although it is liquid in form and appearance, Liquid Crystal exhibits a crystalline molecular structure that resembles a solid. Liquid crystals are rod-shaped molecules whose molecules can be aligned precisely when subjected to electrical fields. As a liquid they are able to flow over and around small grooves and can change their position depending on applied voltage. When properly aligned, the liquid crystals allow light to pass through makes the desired images appear.

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An LCD monitor consists of six layers: a backlight, a sheet of polarized glass (polarizer), TFT glass, a layer of liquid crystal solution, color filter/glass and a second polarized sheet of glass.

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A fluorescent light source, known as the backlight, makes up the rearmost slice of bread. Light is shined from behind the panels. This light passes through the first of two polarizing filters. The polarized light then passes through a layer that contains thousands of liquid crystal blobs arrayed in tiny containers called cells. The cells are, in turn, arrayed in rows across the screen; one or more cells make up one pixel (the smallest discernible dot on a display). Electric leads around the edge of the LCD create an electric field that twists the crystal molecule, which lines the light up with the second polarizing filter and allows it to pass through. Each crystal either allows light to pass through or blocks the light. The configuration of the crystals forms the image.

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